A Comprehensive Approach to Assess the Impact of Agricultural Production Factors on Selected Ecosystem Services in Poland

The conservation of environmental resources is aimed at ensuring the continuity ecosystem services for future generations and maintaining integrity. Given extensive reliance agriculture on environment, it crucial to identify factors that impact quality (ESs), which can be regulated large heterogeneous national or European scales. This research, conducted within Polish use case AGRICORE project, aims demonstrate feasibility establishing indicators depicted in three ES categories, shaped under actions Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). study was based sources, mostly database Central Statistical Office. analyses regression showed a significant selected agricultural productivity key performance (KPIs) assessing level ESs. yield cereal grains, quantitatively expresses potential current crop production, depended greatest extent (r = 0.81) comprehensive indicator production space suitability, as well rise nitrogen fertilization 0.68), also reduced share permanent grassland area −0.53). It proved territorial units, per 1 ha greater, soils with favorable pH > 5.5 greater. gross balance had positive correlation investment subsidies 0.86), land total 0.67), 0.66). Notably, there were correlations between increase forestation 0.68) air cereals sowing structure 0.86). Additionally, cultural eco-services found, e.g., ecological number natural monuments, nature reserves, agritourists, agritourism nights, while negatively correlated most analyzed indicators. These results are useful development module ABM model employs desired parameters provide different assessments economic farm status.